Hydraulic press.



B. C. WHITE.

HYDRAULIC PRESS.

APPLICATION FILED 1uLY13. 191s.

1,241,691 Patented Oct. 2,1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET l.

B. C. WHITE.

HYDRAULIC PRESS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY13,1915.

1,241,691 Patent-ed Oct. 2, 1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEETV 2.

INV NTOR.

B. C. WHITE.

HYDRAULIC PRESS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY I3, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

FIG..5.

INVEN-roR. @ma C'. M

B. C. WHITE.

HYDRAULIC PRESS.

APPLICATION r|LEn1uLY13,19x5.

1,241,691. Patented oct. 2, 1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

INVENTOR.

ATT'Ys4 B. C. WHITE.

HYDRAULIC PRESS.

APPucATloN FILED JULY 13, |915.

Patented Oct. 2, 1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5 .GIU-L UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BRUCE C. WHITE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO R HOE AND C0., OF NEWYORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

HYDRAULIC PRESS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 2, 1917.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, BRUCE C. WHITE, a citizen of the United States,residing at New York city, county of New York, and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic Presses,fully described and represented in the following specification and theaccompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates particularly to hydraulic presses of that type inwhich the pressure fluid is forced into the press by pumps, and in whicha plurality of plungers of diii'erent sizes are used successively, onefor low pressure and high speed in the iirst pressing movement, and theother for high pressure and low speed in the latter part of the pressingmovement.

The special object of the invention is to provide a simple, efiicientand durable construction of such apparatus, in which the change from lowto high pressure is made automatically, and in which convenient meansare provided for holding the plunger under pressure and relieving thepressure for the return of the plunger.

In addition to means for securing the above general results, theinvention includes various features of construction and combinations ofparts, as fully described hereafter and specifically pointed out in theclaims.

For a full understanding of the invention, a detailed description of aconstruction embodying the same will now be given in connection with theaccompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, whichillustrate one of the preferred embodiments of the invention.

In the drawings- Figure 1 is a sectional elevatlon of the apparatus, thesection being taken centrally through the press plunger;

Fig. 2 is a sectional plan, with the press lunger removed and the pumpdriving puley partly broken away to show the clutch;

Fig. 3 is a sectional plan through the pump case or reservoir, on theline 3--3 of Fig. 4; Fig. 4 is a cross section on the line 4--4 of Fi 3Fig is a section on the line 5-5 of Figs.

3 and 4;

Fig. 6 is a section on the line 6-6 of Figs.

3and5;

Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail section of the automatic control valve andports shown in Figs. 5 and 6;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged plan of the crossheads and connections, and

Fig. 9 is a section on the line 9-9 of Fig. 8.

eferring to the drawings, A is the hydraulic chamber or cylinder inwhich moves the main press plunger B, and C the small cylinder in whichmoves the low pressure plunger D connected to the bottom of the main orhigh pressure plunger B. E is a fixed abutment coacting with main pressplunger B. Cylinders A, C are supplied with oil or other suitable liquidthrough, respectively, pipes 10. 11, through which `the liquid is forcedfrom pump case and resem voir F by pumps, hereafter described. An airtap 12, for drawing ofi any air that may collect above the liquid incylinder A is preferably provided, and a sealing groove 13 in plunger Bpreferably used, to seal cylinder A against t-he entrance of air pastthe plunger, this sealing groove 13 being supplied with sealing liquidby pipe 14 connecting with liquid tank 15, supplied in any manner, andprovided with overflow pipe 16 for overflow to the pump case orreservoir F.

Referring now to the liquid supply apparatus within the reservoir F,there are provided one or more pumps, preferably a plurality, and threebeing shown, these pumps being driven from eccentric shaft 17 which isdriven by gears 18, 19 from power shaft 20, shown as driven by pulley 21through clutch 22, the movable clutch member being carried by a sleeve23 and moved for clutching and unclutching shaft 20 by a cam sleeve 24having cam groove 1, as shown clearly in Figs. 2 and 3, cam sleeve 24being carried by shaft 25 which extends through the pump case F and isoperated by hand lever 26 outside of the opposite end of the pump case,this shaft 25 acting also to control pressure valves, dep turn therein.The bottom and top cross-head guides 30 are formed respectively on abottom plate 32 mounted in the case in a suitable manner, and on acover33 removable from plate 32 and shown as bolted to the latter, so thatthe cross-heads and forked ends of the eccentric rods are readily accessible and removable by taking oiil the cover 33 carrying the topcross-head guides 30. 1t will he seen also that eachof the forkedeccentric rods with its cross-head 29 and pin 3l forms a complete unit,and that the outer ends of the eccentric rods bear against and form sidebearings for each other, with the two outside eccentric rods bearingagainst the inner side of cover 33, so that no intermediate fixed sidebearings between the eccentrics are required, and a very compact andetticient construction thus secured.

Each of the cross-heads 29 forms the head `or stem of a single-actingpump plunger a moving in small cylinder connected with pulsation chamberc having a suction port connecting with the reservoir inside case F andcontrolled by suction valve cl, and ay discharge port connecting withdischarge chamber e and controlled by discharge valve f. The valves d, fare shown as being formed with spiral wings for the purpose of slightlyrotating the valves by the liquid flow for greater durability, as commonin pump constructions, but it will be understood that this is notessential. The discharge chambers e of the three pumps are connected bypassages g, and the end pump is connected by passage 7L to chamber z',having a port connected with the reservoir and normally closed byinwardly opening valve 7c, and from this chamber z' the liquid pumpedpasses through a port controlled by a valve kZ to a chamber m with whichlow pressure pipe l1 connects. Chamber m also has a discharge portcontrolled by valve n, spring pressed by spring 2, preferably madeadjustable as to pressure by screw abutment 3, as shown, this valve,when open, permitting the passage of liquid from chamber m to chamber 0connected by passage j? to chamber Q connected with 'high pressure pipe10. This chamber q has at the bottom a port connecting with thereservoir inside case F and controlled by inwardly opening valve r,

.and a safety discharge port 4 controlled by safety valve 5, on whichbears lever 34 carrying adjustable weight 35 determining the pressureati. which valve 5 will be raised to blow ofi' liquid through port 4.Shaft 25 carries a cam 36 arranged to rock lever 34 when shaft 25 isrotated by hand, by Contact of the cam with a bowl 6 on the lever. Onfurther movement of the shaft 25 cam 36 engages bowl 6 on the upperportion of slide 37 to raise the latter, and by engagement of shouldersor arms 38 at the bottom of the slide with stems 7 on valves 7c, r, toraise these valves for the passage of liquid from tln` chamberscontrolled thereby to the reservoir, valve c carrying at its top a stud8 which engages and lifts valve Z, thus permitting liquid to flow backto the reservoir through low pressure pipe. 11, so that by lnus raisingvalve stems 7, liquid is permitted to flow back to the reservoir fromboth the low pressure and high pressure cylinders A, C.

All the pump lzhambers, ports and passages are preferably formed in asolid block of metal by boring therethrough, as shown, the ends of thepassages bored being stopped by suitable plugs. This is the preferredconstruction for high pressure, as usual in pumps, and it will beunderstood is not essential to the invention.

1 The operation of the construction is as folows:

Assuming that the parts are in the posi tions shown in the drawings,with lever 2 thrown over from the position shown in Fig. 2, to thatshown in Fig. 3, so as to clutch shaft 20 to pulley 2l for driving thepumps, the pump plunger (t first .forces liquid through passages g, hand past valve Z into low pressure pipe 11 and below the small or lowpressure press plunger D, valve /c being closed b v the pressure inchamber 1I and valve n being closed by the pressure of spring 2.Plungers D, B are then raised by the pressure in cylinder C against thesmall plunger D, oil from the reservoir passing upward through valve 1into chamber (j and through pipe 10 to keep cylinder A full below pressplunger B, vacuum in cylinder A being thus avoided. This operation ofthe press by small plunger D continues until the pressure is suflicientto open valve n against the adjusted pressure of spring 2, when theliquid passes also from chamber m into chamber 0 and through passage pand chamber g into high pressure 'pipe l0 and into cylinder A below highpressure plunger B, the press plunger then being forced up by pressureover its entire plunger surface as liquid passes to both cylinders A, Cthrough pipes 10, 11. When the limit of pressure for which the weight 35is adjusted is reached, valve 5 is raised against this weight, and thefurther increase of Ipressure is prevented by the blowing off of theliquid through port 4. into the reservoir.

When the pressing operation is completed, or at any other point where itis desired to hold the pressure fixed and the plunger stationary, lever26 is moved from the position l shown in Fig. 3 toward that shown inFig. 2, thus releasing clutch 22 and stopping the pumps. The pressureand plungers are then maintained stationary as long as this position ofthe parts continues.

When the plungers are to be lowered, le-

ver 2G is moved over farther, so as to move 130 cam 36 to engage bowl (lon lever 34 and rock the lever to raise weight 35 and thus permit reliefvalve 5 to be opened and relieve the pressure in the system, and thenthe cam 3G on its further movement engages bowl (3 and raises slide 3Twhich, through arms 3S engaging stems 7 on valves r, /c moves thesevalves upward, and through projection 8 on valve Zt' also raises valveZ, thus opening' both pipes 10, l1 to the reservoir and permitting thereturn of the liquid from cylinders A, C to the reservoir and thedescent of the plungers B, D, the speed of this descent being controlledby the flow tln-ough valves r, c, which in turn are controlled by theposition oi' cam 3U operated by hand lcvcr 2G. On the full return of'the press plungers, lcver 2G is moved back to move the cam it' infoposition to release slide 3T and lever IH and permit them to returntoward the position shown in Fig. permitting valves r, Z', to close forthe nextI operation of" the press, as above described. when the lever isthrown over to engage clutch Q2.

lt will be understood that the invention is not to be limited to theconstruction and arrangement of parts shown, but that many modificationsmay be made while still retaining the invention defined by the claims.

lVhat I claim is:-

1.1n a hydraulic press apparatus, the combination with low pressure andhigh pressure plungers, of pumping mechanism acting to force fluidagainst the low pressure plunger, a connection from the force passageof' the pumping mechanism if'or delivering fluid against the highpressure plunger. a valve normally closing said connection and opened bythe pressure of the fluid pumped to supply fluid to the high pressureplunger through said connection when the pressure reaches a certainpoint, a pressureoperated relief valve :for the system, andmannafly-operated means for stopping the pumping mechanism and openingthe reliei valve to relieve the pressure in the system.

Q. In a hydraulic press apparatus, the combination with low pressure andhigh pressure plungers, of pumping mechanism acting to 'force fluidagainst the low pressure plunger, a connection from the force passage ofthe, pumping mechanism for de livering fluid against the high pressureplunger` a valve normally closing said connection and opened by thepressure of the fluid pumped to supply fluid to the vhigh pressurepiunger through said connection when the pressure reaches a certainpoint, normally closed return valves on the force passage of the pumpingmechanism and on the connection for the high pressure plunger, apressuie-operated relief valve on the system, devices for opening saidreturn valves on the force passage and high pressure plunger connectionto pciinit the escape ofthe fluid tor the return of the plungcrs, and asingle manilally-opcrated men1- bei' acting to stop the pumpingmechanism and open the relief valve to relieve the pressure in thesystem, and to operate said dcvices Vfor the return of the plungcrs.

I-. ln a hydraulic press apparatusl the i'fonlbination with thc mainplunger and its cylinder` of a small plunger carried b v the mainplunger', pressure fluid apparatusl for supplying pressure fluid againstthe small plunger at the beginning of the plunger stroke and to the mainplunger at a later point in the stroke, and an air connection t'orwithdrawing air from the main plunger cylinder.

4. ln a h vdraulic press apparatus, the combination with the mainplunger and its cylinder, of' a small plunger carried by the mainplunger. pressure fluid apparatus for supplying pressure fluid againstthe small plunger at the beginning ot' the plunger stroke and to themain plunger at a later point in the stroke, an air connection forwitlnlrawing air from the main plunger cylinder, and a liquid air sealbetween the main plunger and its cylinder wall.

The combination with the pump plunger n. and its c vlinder Z1 and meansfor actie ating said plunger, of force valve Z, low pressure connectionl1 beyond the force valve, pressi1re-opcratcd valve n, high pressureconnection l() controlled by valve 72, l'elease valvi` in line withvalve Z, release valve y1' on the, high pressure connection, manually-operatcd devices t'or opening valves Z', r to permit the escape offluid, and an extension on valve Z: engaging valve Z to open the latteron the opening movement of valve Zt'. driving mechanism for said pump,and manually-controlled shaft 25 operating to throw the drivingmechanism out of opera tion to stop the pump and carrying cam 3G foroperating the devices to open valves ZJ, 7'.

6. The combimition with the pump plunger (t and its cylinder Z) andmeans for actuating said plunger, of force valve Z, delivery connection.11 beyond the force valve, release 'alve Z.' in line with valve Z,manuallyoperated devices for opening valve Z; to permit the escape offluid, an extension on valve engaging valve Z to open the latter on theopening movement of valve Zt, and manually-controlled shaft Q5 operatingto throw the driving mechanism out of operation to stop the pump andcarrying cam 3G for operating the devices to open valves Za, Z.

7. The combination with a hydraulic press plunger and pumping mechanismtherefor, of a return valve, a pressure-oln-rated relief valve, amanually-controlled member and connections for throwing the pumpingmechanism out of operation to stop the snpply of Huid, cam 36 carried bysaid member and devices operated by said cam for relieving the closingpressure on the relief valve and for opening said return valve for thereturn of the plunger.

8. The combination with a hydraulic press plungeraml pumping mechanismtherefor, of a return valve, a pressure operated relief valve and amanually controlled member and connections for throwing the pumpingmechanism into and out of operation, cam 36 carried by said member, anddevices through Which the cam operates to first relieve the closingpressure on the relief valve and then open said return valve for thereturn of the plunger on further movement of the member after throwingthe pumping mechanism out .of operation, and first secures the closingof the return valve, then restores the closing pressure on the reliefvalve, and then throws the pumping mechanism into operation on thereturn movement of the manually operated member.

9. The combination with large and small hydraulic press plungers andpumping mechanism therefor and a by-pass valve controlled by thepressure to apply the presn sure first to the small plunger and then tothe large plunger, of a return valve, a pressure operated relief valveand av manually controlled member and connections for throwing thepumping mechanism into and out of operation, cam 36 carried by said.member, and devices through which the cam operates to first relieve theclosing pressure on the relief valve and then open said return valvevfor the return of the plunger on further movement of the member afterthrowing the pumping mechanism out o-f operation, and first secures theclosing of the return valve, then restores the closing pressure on therelief valve, and then throws the pumping mechanism into operation onthe return movement of the manually operated member.

l0. .The combination 'with large and small hydraulic press plungers andpumping mechanism therefor, by-pass valve n controlled by the pressureto apply the pressure irst to the small plunger and then to the largeplunger, force valve Z, return valves is, r, and relief valve 5, of handlever 26 and connections for stopping and starting the pumpingmechanism, cam 36 operated by said lever, and connections by which themovement of the lever in one direction successively stops the pumpingmechanism, relieves the closing pressure on the relief valve, opens thereturn valves 7c. 1*, valve Z and by-pass valve 11, and ,on the movementof the lever in the opposite directionsuccessively secures the closingof valves 1f f5, A, r, then restores the closing pressure. on the reliefvalve, and then starts the pumping mechanism.

ln testimony Whereoi, I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses. v

BRUCE (l. TETTE lVitnesses:

CnAs. F. TRoT'rnn, CHARLES HELD.

